HORDB

ID: hor006698
Uniprot ID: Q9PW66
Protein name: Prokineticin Bv8
Gene name: NA
Organism: Bombina variegata (Yellow-bellied toad)
Family: AVIT (prokineticin) family
Source: animal
Expression: Expressed by the skin glands.
Disease: NA
Comments: NA
Taxonomy: Bombina (genus), Bombinatoridae (family), Anura (order), Batrachia (superorder), Amphibia (class), Tetrapoda , Dipnotetrapodomorpha , Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi , Teleostomi , Gnathostomata , Vertebrata , Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia , Bilateria , Eumetazoa , Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta , Eukaryota (superkingdom),cellular organisms
GO MF: GO:0090729 toxin activity
GO BP: GO:0035821 modulation of process of another organism
GO CC: GO:0005576 extracellular region

Sequence: AVITGACDKDVQCGSGTCCAASAWSRNIRFCIPLGNSGEDCHPASHKVPYDGKRLSSLCPCKSGLTCSKSGEKFKCS
Length: 77
Propeptide: MKCFAQIVVLLLVIAFSHGAVITGACDKDVQCGSGTCCAASAWSRNIRFCIPLGNSGEDCHPASHKVPYDGKRLSSLCPCKSGLTCSKSGEKFKCS
Signal peptide: MKCFAQIVVLLLVIAFSHG
Modification: NA
Glycosylation: NA
Mutagenesis: 1-5Missing: Does not activate prokineticin receptor 2.

Function: Potent agonist for both PKR1/PROKR1 and PKR2/PROKR2, and inducer of a potent and long-lasting hyperalgesia (PubMed:16299550, PubMed:20677202). Shows an EC(50) of 0.264 nM, when tested on neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) which endogenously express mainly PKR2/PROKR2 (PubMed:20677202). Also potentiates capsaicin-induced TRPV1 current, when tested on DRG neurons (PubMed:16687502, PubMed:20677202). Induces a biphasic hyperalgesia to tactile and thermal stimuli after systemic injection of this protein into rat (PubMed:10422759, PubMed:12466223). The initial phase of hyperalgesia is caused by a local action on nociceptors, because intraplantar injection of this protein causes a strong and localized hyperalgesia with a similar time course to that of the initial phase of hyperalgesia seen with systemic injection. The secondary phase of hyperalgesia is not seen with local intraplantar injection and is therefore probably attributable to a central action of this protein (PubMed:16687502). At subnanomolar concentrations, this protein both induces potent chemotaxis of macrophages and stimulates LPS-induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-12 (PubMed:16299550). In vivo, this protein potently stimulates the contraction of the guinea-pig gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle (at nanomolar concentration) (PubMed:10422759).
Mechanism: NA
Cross BBB: NA
Target: NA
Target Unid: NA
IC50: NA
EC50: NA
ED50: NA
kd: NA
Half life: NA

Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)

2kra.pdb

hor006698_AF2.pdb

hor006698_ESM.pdb

Mass:	938598	Formula:	C335H539N101O108S10
Absent amino acids:	M	Common amino acids:	SC
pI:	8.27	Basic residues:	12
Polar residues:	35	Hydrophobic residues:	19
Hydrophobicity:	-24.29	Boman Index:	-11947
Half-Life:	4.4 hour	Half-Life Yeast:	>20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli:	>10 hour	Aliphatic Index	54.55
Instability Index:	4056.1	Extinction Coefficient cystines:	7615
Absorbance 280nm:	100.2

PubMed ID: 10422759
Title: Bv8, a small protein from frog skin and its homologue from snake venom induce hyperalgesia in rats.
PubMed ID: 12466223
Title: Nociceptive sensitization by the secretory protein Bv8.
PubMed ID: 16299550
Title: Bv8, the amphibian homologue of the mammalian prokineticins, induces a proinflammatory phenotype of mouse macrophages.
PubMed ID: 16687502
Title: Sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 by the prokineticin receptor agonist Bv8.
PubMed ID: 20677202
Title: Chemical synthesis and structure of the prokineticin Bv8.