HORDB

ID: hor005956
Uniprot ID: P19425
Protein name: Trypsin-modulating oostatic factor
Gene name: 15a-2
Organism: Aedes aegypti (Yellowfever mosquito) (Culex aegypti)
Family: Vitelline membrane protein family
Source: animal
Expression: Synthesized and released from follicular epithelium 18-24 hours after a blood meal. Synthesis peaks at 36 hours and stops at 56 hours. |Expressed in the anterior region of the follicle cells.
Disease: NA
Comments: NA
Taxonomy: Stegomyia (subgenus), Aedes (genus), Aedini (tribe), Culicinae (subfamily), Culicidae (family), Culicoidea (superfamily), Culicomorpha (infraorder), Nematocera (suborder), Diptera (order), Endopterygota (cohort), Neoptera (infraclass), Pterygota (subclass), Dicondylia , Insecta (class), Hexapoda (subphylum), Pancrustacea , Mandibulata , Arthropoda (phylum), Panarthropoda , Ecdysozoa , Protostomia , Bilateria , Eumetazoa , Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta , Eukaryota (superkingdom),cellular organisms
GO MF: GO:0004867 serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity; GO:0005179 hormone activity
GO BP: GO:0007165 signal transduction; GO:0048599 oocyte development
GO CC: GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space

Sequence: DYPAPPPPPP
Length: 10
Propeptide: MNKIIAALVLFTAVIGALADYPAPPPPPPKPYHAPPPPPYHAPPHHAPAPLHPVVHTYPVKAPAAKCGANLLVGCAPSVAHVPCVPVHPHPPPPAHY
Signal peptide: MNKIIAALVLFTAVIGALA
Modification: NA
Glycosylation: NA
Mutagenesis: 1-2DY->YD: In TMOF(A)

Function: Has an oostatic activity. Inhibits trypsin biosynthesis in the midgut epithelial cells which indirectly reduces the vitellogenin concentration in the hemolymph resulting in inhibition of oocyte development.
Mechanism: Can potentially be used as a larvicide. The stable three-dimensional conformation of the decapeptide means it is not degraded by gut proteolytic enzymes and can traverse the gut epithelial cells into the hemolymph of adults and larvae. Hormone fed to different species of mosquito larvae stops food digestion and causes larval mortality. The tetrapeptide (DYPA) is as effective as the decapeptide.
Cross BBB: NA
Target: NA
Target Unid: NA
IC50: NA
EC50: NA
ED50: NA
kd: NA
Half life: NA

Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)

hor005956_AF2.pdb

hor005956_ESM.pdb

Mass:	120787	Formula:	C51H70N10O14
Absent amino acids:	CEFGHIKLMNQRSTVW	Common amino acids:	P
pI:	3.75	Basic residues:	0
Polar residues:	1	Hydrophobic residues:	1
Hydrophobicity:	-142	Boman Index:	-705
Half-Life:	1.1 hour	Half-Life Yeast:	3 min
Half-Life E.Coli:	>10 hour	Aliphatic Index	10
Instability Index:	15616	Extinction Coefficient cystines:	1490
Absorbance 280nm:	165.56

PubMed ID: 9887508
Title: Vitelline envelope genes of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.
PubMed ID: 17510324
Title: Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
PubMed ID: 8432405
Title: Structure, expression, and hormonal control of genes from the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, which encode proteins similar to the vitelline membrane proteins of Drosophila melanogaster.
PubMed ID: 2394318
Title: Mosquito oostatic factor: a novel decapeptide modulating trypsin-like enzyme biosynthesis in the midgut.
PubMed ID: 8353526
Title: Mass spectrometry and characterization of Aedes aegypti trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) and its analogs.
PubMed ID: 14506222
Title: Trypsin-modulating oostatic factor: a potential new larvicide for mosquito control.
PubMed ID: 8512567
Title: Solution structure of trypsin modulating oostatic factor is a left-handed helix.