General Information

  • ID:  hor004818
  • Uniprot ID:  Q4TTN8
  • Protein name:  Apelin
  • Gene name:  apln
  • Organism:  Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (Brachydanio rerio)
  • Family:  apelin family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  Expressed at the end of gastrulation (at protein level) .
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Danio (genus), Danioninae (subfamily), Danionidae (family), Cyprinoidei (suborder), Cypriniformes (order), Cypriniphysae (superorder), Otophysi, Ostariophysi (subcohort), Otomorpha (cohort), Clupeocephala, Osteoglossocephalai, Teleostei (infraclass), Neopterygii (subclass), Actinopteri (class), Actinopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0031704 apelin receptor binding; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0001525 angiogenesis; GO:0001666 response to hypoxia; GO:0001945 lymph vessel development; GO:0002040 sprouting angiogenesis; GO:0007165 signal transduction; GO:0007369 gastrulation; GO:0007507 heart development; GO:0008078 mesodermal cell migration; GO:0035479 angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline; GO:0042074 cell migration involved in gastrulation; GO:0042756 drinking behavior; GO:0045776 negative regulation of blood pressure; GO:0045823 positive regulation of heart contraction; GO:0060976 coronary vasculature development; GO:0061371 determination of heart left/right asymmetry; GO:0071910 determination of liver left/right asymmetry; GO:0090134 cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GPMASTEHSKEIEEVGSMRTPLRQNPARAGRSQRPAGWRRRRPRPRLSHKGPMPF
  • Length:  55
  • Propeptide:  MNVKILTLVIVLVVSLLCSASAGPMASTEHSKEIEEVGSMRTPLRQNPARAGRSQRPAGWRRRRPRPRLSHKGPMPF
  • Signal peptide:  MNVKILTLVIVLVVSLLCSASA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Drives internalization of the apelin receptor. Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis; plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation; myocardial contraction; may also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis; regulates lymphatic development
  • Mechanism:  Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner;Apelin signaling regulates lymphatic development by promoting serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B activity in a VEGF-C/VEGF receptor 3-independent manner during zebrafish embryogenesis.
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  NA
  • Target Unid:  NA
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-Q4TTN8-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor004818_AF2.pdbhor004818_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 726652 Formula: C267H440N98O74S3
Absent amino acids: CDY Common amino acids: R
pI: 12.58 Basic residues: 15
Polar residues: 13 Hydrophobic residues: 10
Hydrophobicity: -140.55 Boman Index: -20854
Half-Life: 30 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 33.82
Instability Index: 10643.27 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 5500
Absorbance 280nm: 101.85

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  24311379
  • Title:  Essential Role of Apelin Signaling During Lymphatic Development in Zebrafish.
  • PubMed ID:  18617693
  • Title:  Hypoxia-induced Apelin Expression Regulates Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Regenerative Angiogenesis.