General Information

  • ID:  hor004713
  • Uniprot ID:  Q9SRY3
  • Protein name:  Protein RALF-like 1
  • Gene name:  RALF1
  • Organism:  Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)
  • Family:  Plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) family
  • Source:  Plant
  • Expression:  More efficient to mediate cytoplasmic Ca(2+) accumulation when oxidized, but inactive when reduced. |First detected in the root hair zone of seedlings, mostly in the vascular bundles, cortex, and endodermis. Later observed in hypocotyls and veins of cotyl
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Arabidopsis (genus), Camelineae (tribe), Brassicaceae (family), Brassicales (order), malvids, rosids, Pentapetalae, Gunneridae, eudicotyledons, Mesangiospermae, Magnoliopsida (class), Spermatophyta, Euphyllophyta, Tracheophyta, Embryophyta, Streptophytina (subphylum), Streptophyta (phylum), Viridiplantae (kingdom), Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling; GO:0019722 calcium-mediated signaling; GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth; GO:0048364 root development
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0048046 apoplast

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  ATTKYISYQSLKRNSVPCSRRGASYYNCQNGAQANPYSRGCSKIARCRS
  • Length:  49
  • Propeptide:  MDKSFTLFLTLTILVVFIISSPPVQAGFANDLGGVAWATTGDNGSGCHGSIAECIGAEEEEMDSEINRRILATTKYISYQSLKRNSVPCSRRGASYYNCQNGAQANPYSRGCSKIARCRS
  • Signal peptide:  MDKSFTLFLTLTILVVFIISSPPVQA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  Loss of propeptide cleavage by kexin-like convertase leading to an impaired activity. : T69 R → A

Activity

  • Function:  Cell signaling peptide that may regulate plant stress, growth, and development. Mediates a rapid alkalinization of extracellular space by mediating a transient increase in the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration leading to a calcium-dependent signaling events through a cell surface receptor and a concomitant activation of some intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinases. Mostly active in roots. Prevents plant growth (e.g. root and leaf length). Suppresses cell elongation of the primary root by activating the cell surface receptor FER and triggering phosphorylation of AHA2 and subsequent extracellular alkalinization.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  NA
  • Target Unid:  NA
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  18-28; 41-47
  • Structure ID:  AF-Q9SRY3-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor004713_AF2.pdbhor004713_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 632345 Formula: C228H367N77O72S4
Absent amino acids: DEFHMW Common amino acids: S
pI: 10.36 Basic residues: 9
Polar residues: 26 Hydrophobic residues: 9
Hydrophobicity: -93.67 Boman Index: -14660
Half-Life: 4.4 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 40
Instability Index: 4500.2 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 7700
Absorbance 280nm: 160.42

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  18494498
  • Title:  A cytoplasmic Ca2+ functional assay for identifying and purifying endogenous cell signaling peptides in Arabidopsis seedlings: identification of AtRALF1 peptide.
  • PubMed ID:  18775699
  • Title:  A conserved dibasic site is essential for correct processing of the peptide hormone AtRALF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • PubMed ID:  24458638
  • Title:  A peptide hormone and its receptor protein kinase regulate plant cell expansion.