General Information

  • ID:  hor002228
  • Uniprot ID:  P09535
  • Protein name:  Preptin
  • Gene name:  IGF2
  • Organism:  Mus musculus (Mouse)
  • Family:  Insulin family
  • Source:  Animal
  • Expression:  At 8 dpc, 9.5 dpc and 16.5 dpc, transcripts from parental allele are detected in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues . Low levels of expression during myoblast proliferation. Levels rise rapidly during myoblast differentiation and then decrease. |Express
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Mus (subgenus), Mus (genus), Murinae (subfamily), Muridae (family), Muroidea, Myomorpha (suborder), Rodentia (order), Glires, Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005158 insulin receptor binding; GO:0005159 insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; GO:0005178 integrin binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0008083 growth factor activity; GO:0030297 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; GO:0001503 ossification; GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation; GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development; GO:0001892 embryonic placenta development; GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process; GO:0007613 memory; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway; GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus; GO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis; GO:0014070 response to organic cyclic compound; GO:0031017 exocrine pancreas development; GO:0035094 response to nicotine; GO:0040018 positive regulation of multicellular organism growth; GO:0042104 positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade; GO:0043536 positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; GO:0045725 positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; GO:0045766 positive regulation of angiogenesis; GO:0045840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division; GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; GO:0045953 negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; GO:0046622 positive regulation of organ growth; GO:0046628 positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; GO:0048009 insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; GO:0048633 positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth; GO:0050731 positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; GO:0051146 striated muscle cell differentiation; GO:0051147 regulation of muscle cell differentiation; GO:0051148 negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation; GO:0051781 positive regulation of cell division; GO:0051897 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction; GO:0060669 embryonic placenta morphogenesis; GO:
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0062023 collagen-containing extracellular matrix

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  DVSTSQAVLPDDFPRYPVGKFFQYDTWRQSAGRL
  • Length:  34(93-126)
  • Propeptide:  MGIPVGKSMLVLLISLAFALCCIAAYGPGETLCGGELVDTLQFVCSDRGFYFSRPSSRANRRSRGIVEECCFRSCDLALLETYCATPAKSERDVSTSQAVLPDDFPRYPVGKFFQYDTWRQSAGRLRRGLPALLRARRGRMLAKELKEFREAKRHRPLIVLPPKDPAHGGASSEMSSNHQ
  • Signal peptide:  MGIPVGKSMLVLLISLAFALCCIA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK
  • Mechanism:  The IGF2 locus is imprinted. Paternal inherited gene is expressed, while the maternal inherited gene is imprinted, hence silenced (PubMed:1997210). It is differentially regulated in the placenta and fetus, transcribed from 3 promoters P1, P2 and P3 in both fetus and placenta and additionally from a fourth placental-specific promoter, P0 (Probable).
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  Igf2r
  • Target Unid:   Q07113
  • IC50:  NA
  • EC50:  NA
  • ED50:  NA
  • Kd:  NA
  • Half life:  NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P09535-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor002228_AF2.pdbhor002228_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 453715 Formula: C180H264N48O53
Absent amino acids: CEHIMN Common amino acids: D
pI: 6.56 Basic residues: 4
Polar residues: 9 Hydrophobic residues: 11
Hydrophobicity: -66.47 Boman Index: -7870
Half-Life / Aliphatic Index: 1.1 hour Aliphatic Index: 54.41
Instability Index: 3662.35 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 8480
Absorbance 280nm: 256.97

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  11716772
  • Title:  Preptin Derived From Proinsulin-Like Growth Factor II (proIGF-II) Is Secreted From Pancreatic Islet Beta-Cells and Enhances Insulin Secretion