General Information

  • ID:  hor002101
  • Uniprot ID:  P01329
  • Protein name:  Insulin A chain
  • Gene name:  INS
  • Organism:  Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig)
  • Family:  Insulin family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  NA
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Cavia (genus), Caviidae (family), Hystricomorpha (suborder), Rodentia (order), Glires, Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0002020 protease binding; GO:0005158 insulin receptor binding; GO:0005159 insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0042802 identical protein binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0001819 positive regulation of cytokine production; GO:0002674 negative regulation of acute inflammatory response; GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process; GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process; GO:0006521 regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process; GO:0006953 acute-phase response; GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway; GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression; GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression; GO:0010750 positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction; GO:0032880 regulation of protein localization; GO:0038060 nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway; GO:0042060 wound healing; GO:0042177 negative regulation of protein catabolic process; GO:0042311 vasodilation; GO:0042593 glucose homeostasis; GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade; GO:0045725 positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; GO:0045818 negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process; GO:0045821 positive regulation of glycolytic process; GO:0045840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division; GO:0045861 negative regulation of proteolysis; GO:0045922 negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process; GO:0046326 positive regulation of glucose import; GO:0046628 positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; GO:0046631 alpha-beta T cell activation; GO:0050708 regulation of protein secretion; GO:0050709 negative regulation of protein secretion; GO:0050995 negative regulation of lipid catabolic process; GO:0051247 positive regulation of protein metabolic process; GO:0051897 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction; GO:0055089 fatty acid homeostasis; GO:0060266 negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response; G
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GIVDQCCTGTCTRHQLQSYCN
  • Length:  21
  • Propeptide:  MALWMHLLTVLALLALWGPNTGQAFVSRHLCGSNLVETLYSVCQDDGFFYIPKDRRELEDPQVEQTELGMGLGAGGLQPLALEMALQKRGIVDQCCTGTCTRHQLQSYCN
  • Signal peptide:  MALWMHLLTVLALLALWGPNTGQA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  INSR
  • Target Unid:  H0VMQ0
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  6-11
  • Structure ID:  AF-P01329-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor002101_AF2.pdbhor002101_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 268755 Formula: C92H148N30O33S4
Absent amino acids: AEFKMPW Common amino acids: C
pI: 7.12 Basic residues: 2
Polar residues: 12 Hydrophobic residues: 3
Hydrophobicity: -36.67 Boman Index: -4193
Half-Life: 30 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 50.95
Instability Index: 5927.14 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 1740
Absorbance 280nm: 87

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  5949593
  • Title:  Species variation in the amino acid sequence of insulin.