General Information

  • ID:  hor000231
  • Uniprot ID:  Q9R0R3
  • Protein name:  Apelin-36
  • Gene name:  Apln
  • Organism:  Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
  • Family:  Apelin family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  During pregnancy and lactation . |Highly expressed in neonatal tissues. In the adult, reaches a maximal level around parturition.|Expressed in the lung, testis, ovary, uterus and mammary gland .
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Rattus (genus), Murinae (subfamily), Muridae (family), Muroidea, Myomorpha (suborder), Rodentia (order), Glires, Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0031704 apelin receptor binding; GO:0042802 identical protein binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0001525 angiogenesis; GO:0002026 regulation of the force of heart contraction; GO:0003085 negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; GO:0007165 signal transduction; GO:0007369 gastrulation; GO:0007631 feeding behavior; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0010460 positive regulation of heart rate; GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression; GO:0031652 positive regulation of heat generation; GO:0040037 negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; GO:0042327 positive regulation of phosphorylation; GO:0042756 drinking behavior; GO:0045776 negative regulation of blood pressure; GO:0045823 positive regulation of heart contraction; GO:0045906 negative regulation of vasoconstriction; GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels; GO:0051461 positive regulation of corticotropin secretion; GO:0051466 positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion; GO:0060183 apelin receptor signaling pathway; GO:0060976 coronary vasculature development; GO:1902895 positive regulation of miRNA transcription; GO:1904022 positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization; GO:1904706 negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation; GO:1905564 positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  LVKPRTSRTGPGAWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF
  • Length:  36
  • Propeptide:  MNLSFCVQALLLLWLSLTAVCGVPLMLPPDGKGLEEGNMRYLVKPRTSRTGPGAWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF
  • Signal peptide:  MNLSFCVQALLLLWLSLTAVCG
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis;modulate immune responses in neonates ; Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation;has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking;may also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior
  • Mechanism:  Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  NA
  • Target Unid:  NA
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-Q9R0R3-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor000231_AF2.pdbhor000231_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 482536 Formula: C185H304N68O43S
Absent amino acids: CDEINY Common amino acids: R
pI: 13.35 Basic residues: 12
Polar residues: 9 Hydrophobic residues: 7
Hydrophobicity: -140.83 Boman Index: -13266
Half-Life: 5.5 hour Half-Life Yeast: 3 min
Half-Life E.Coli: 2 min Aliphatic Index 32.5
Instability Index: 6890.28 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 5500
Absorbance 280nm: 157.14

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  11336787
  • Title:  Molecular properties of apelin: tissue distribution and receptor binding.