General Information

  • ID:  hor000228
  • Uniprot ID:  Q9TUI9
  • Protein name:  Apelin-31
  • Gene name:  APLN
  • Organism:  Bos taurus (Bovine)
  • Family:  Apelin family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  NA
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Bos (genus), Bovinae (subfamily), Bovidae (family), Pecora (infraorder), Ruminantia (suborder), Artiodactyla (order), Laurasiatheria (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0031704 apelin receptor binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0001525 angiogenesis; GO:0007165 signal transduction; GO:0007369 gastrulation; GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression; GO:0040037 negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; GO:0042756 drinking behavior; GO:0045776 negative regulation of blood pressure; GO:0045823 positive regulation of heart contraction; GO:0060183 apelin receptor signaling pathway; GO:0060976 coronary vasculature development; GO:1902895 positive regulation of miRNA transcription; GO:1904022 positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization; GO:1904706 negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation; GO:1905564 positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GPRSGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF
  • Length:  31
  • Propeptide:  MNLRRCVQALLLLWLCLSAVCGGPLLQTSDGKEMEEGTIRYLVQPRGPRSGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF
  • Signal peptide:  MNLRRCVQALLLLWLCLSAVCG
  • Modification:  T19 Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis;modulate immune responses in neonates ; Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation;has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking;may also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior
  • Mechanism:  Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  APLNR
  • Target Unid:  A6QL98
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-Q9TUI9-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor000228_AF2.pdbhor000228_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 412040 Formula: C158H251N59O36S
Absent amino acids: ACDEINTVY Common amino acids: R
pI: 13.28 Basic residues: 10
Polar residues: 8 Hydrophobic residues: 4
Hydrophobicity: -170 Boman Index: -11688
Half-Life: 30 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 12.58
Instability Index: 9427.42 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 5500
Absorbance 280nm: 183.33

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  9792798
  • Title:  Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Endogenous Peptide Ligand for the Human APJ Receptor